Verbs

 Verbs

Action words are called a verb. It presents the action done by subject in a sentence.

Verbs on the basis of function are transitive intransitive linking and auxiliary verbs.

A transitive verb

A transitive verb is a verb where action does not stop to doer rather it goes far away from doer to something else. In another word the verb that needs an object to have complete sense is called transitive verb. Eg, eat read

An intransitive verb

An intransitive verb: the verb whose action stops with doer or agent is called intransitive verb. In another word a verb that does not need any object to have complete sense is called intransitive verb. Eg  The bird flies in the sky.

Sometimes transitive verb can be used as intransitively. The condition where transitive verbs are used intransitively as:

a.    When a verb is used in such a general sense that no object or objects are thought of in connection wth it. Met eat to preserve life.

b.   When reflexive pronoun is omitted.

He drove near me.

A transitive verb used in causal sense it becomes transitive verb.

Water boils.

He boils the water.

An transitive verb can be made transitive by adding a preposition. Such verb are real transitive when they are used in passive voice.

We act on this role.

This role is acted on by us.

Linking verb:

A verb that connects the subject to the predicate in a sentence is called linking verb. Generally, it is used to make a statement. It does not show an action. In another word, a verb that connects the subject with predicate nominatives or predicate adjectives is called linking verb. Linking verb can be divided in to b e verb:

 Am 

Is

Are

Was

Were

Being

Been

Be

Sensory linking verb:

 

Look

Smell

Sound

Taste

Feel

Appear

Become

Seem

Grow

 Remain

Stay

However sometimes we might get confused with whether sensory verb is linking verb or action verb. Therefore, use two methods to check it. Ask for an object. The linking verb does not have an object. Next substitute the verb with is or are. If the sentence still make the sense, it is linking verb.

 

 

Verbs: On Mood

Verb which performs the mood or manner in which action is spoken or done is termed as verbs of mood.

Finite mood:

A verb used in finite mood is called finite verb. In another word, it is  a verb is limited by person and number of the subject and changes its forms according to tense, is called finite verb. It helps to complete the sentence.

Ram goes to school. In the sentence goes complete the sentence.

There are three finite mood:

a.    Indicative, the mood of assertion or inquiry: He comes.

It is used to in present indefinite tense. It means present simple tense. It is used to express

b.   Imperative, the mood of command or advise

Imperative mood is only used in present tense  if is used for second person, subject is not used. If we use imperative mood with first person or third person, we basically use two conditions: use transitive verb let, which is itself the second person of the imperative mood of verb to let or we need to use subjunctive mood. Eg. Let me speak. When the verb is negative that is prohibitive the imperative is formed by auxiliary do

c.    Subjunctive, the mood of supposition it expresses a purpose, a wosh, condition or doubt anything rather than fact. In case of purpose, the verb in subjunctive mood is followed by that conjunction and second sentence has may might. If lest is used then we need to use should. I give you the prize that you may work well again. I shall keep your book lest you should lose it.

The wish or order, expressed in subjunctive case, can have two different mode:

d.   i.e.

 

 Non-finite verb:

A verb is not limited by person and number as a verb that has subject is called non-finite verb. He does not like to go to school.

Non- finite verb can be subdivided in three terms: simple infinitive, qualifying infinitive, perfect infinitive.

i.              Simple infinitive is also called as noun infinitive. It can be used in following condition:

a.    As a subject of a verb: To give is better than receive.

b.   As a object of a verb: I like to play games.

c.    As a complement of a verb: I asked him to shut the door.

d.   As a object of the preposition: I am about to go.

e.    As an apposition to it: It is easy to say.

f.     After interrogative pronouns and adverbs: I don’t know how to swim.

ii.            Qualifying infinitive:

a.    To qualify the noun: He had no food to eat.

b.   To qualify an adjective: The rose is sweet to smell.

c.    To modify a verb: We eat to love. ( purpose)

d.   After too…to : I am too tired to work.

iii.          Perfect infinitive: It is also called as completed infinitive.

He seems to have been beaten.

One has to be careful enough to distinguish between is to and have to.

Is to means it is settled and have to means obligatory.

He is to go there. ( it is settled that he will go)

He has to go there. ( it is obligatory for him to go)

Bare infinitive: The use of non-finite verb without to is called bare infinitive. Some verbs like bid, let make need, dare, see hear take infinitive without to.

Main (principal) verbs and auxiliary verbs

The verb that typically shows the action or state of being of the subject is called main verbs. It is also called as lexical verb or the principal verb. It can stand alone in a sentence and can give sense or meaning.

Auxiliary verbs

A verb which is used to support main verb so that a sentence can express tense, mood or voice is called auxiliary verb. As it helps main verb in expression, is also called helping verb.

It can be subdivided into two basic types: primary auxiliary and modal auxiliary.

Primary auxiliary: be do have

Modal

Modal donot have infinitive or gerund form.

It follows infinitive without to.

It uses other verbs to complete the tense.

They can have more than one meaning depending on situation.

Modal verbs	Genral use
Will	Future
Might	Small probability
Should	Recommendation	Advice	Obligation
Ought to	Formal recommendation
Had better	Warning
May	Permission	Good probability	Obligation
Must	Responsibility	Assumption
Would	Past( used to)	Present unreal		Offer
Shall	Educated expression offer	Contracted obligation
Could	Unreal ability	Past ability	Permission
Can	Present ability	Permission
Perfect modulation	Uses
Must have	Logical conclusion on past events
May might have	Deduction on past events
Could have	Possibility to do something, gone unfulfilled
Would have	Desire to do something but impossible to do it for external causes
Should have/ ought to have	Lament on something

 

Participles:

When a participle does not be the part  of tense, it belongs to the part descriptive adjective: it can qualify a noun, be qualified admit the degree of comparison, used as a noun

Since participle is verb it takes five different types of objects: direct, indierect, retained, cognate and reflexive.  

Gerund

Gerund is also formed form the verb. It is just like present participle, as it has ing form. However, it is entirely different than participle.  The difference is that participle is a kind of adjective where as gerund a kind of noun is. Gerund has a case, can be followed by a preposition, and can be preceded by the definite article the. One has to be careful to differentiate between gerund and verbal noun. Gerund preceded by definite article the and followed by preposition of is verbal noun.

I am enjoyed in the careful reading of the book. The word reading is verbal noun.

The verb according to form or conjugation:

Weak verbs:

Some clues that help to find out whether verb is weak, are/:

i.              All the verb whose past end with d or t, which is not in present tense. Liked

ii.            All the verbs whose past tense is formed shortening the vowels( not  changing the vowels) fed

iii.          All the verbs whose past tense is the same as present tense: cut

 

Strong verbs:

i.              All the verbs which past tense by changing the vowels and do not add d or t at the end.

ii.            All the verbs which forms past participle with en or n

 

1.   We ___________ (has paid/have paid) him the money.

2.   I _________ (have bought/has bought) my sister a watch.

3.   _________ (Show/Shows) me your hands.

4.   You _________ (has made/have made) your shirt dirty.

5.   We _________ (are waiting/is waiting) for Rohan.

6.   These books _________ (belong/belongs) to me.

7.   She _________ (want/wants) to go.

8.   We _________ (will like/would like) to visit the museum.

9.   He _________ (has finished/have finished) talking.

10.                 My brother _________ (enjoy/enjoys) playing cricket.

11.                 We _________ (find/found) the house deserted.

Underline the verb in each sentence and write whether it is transitive, intransitive or linking.

a. His father looks handsome.

b. Bhawana drinks milk every day.

 c. He became a watchman

. d. This bread smells good.

 e. The dog barked loudly.

f. He chased the dog.

g. My sister swims fast.

h. He painted a picture.

i. Radhika always asks questions.

 j. Anjana has a long hair.